To avoid setting up a volume that won’t work correctly, erase the drive before putting on data on it. But testing by many people makes it clear you can’t just change the formatting on an existing drive: invisible partitions used for purposes related to booting from an Intel drive from a previous macOS installation on the drive cause issues. To use macOS 11 Big Sur (the first M-series compatible version of macOS) all the way through macOS 13 Ventura (and for future releases), the drive has to be formatted as APFS. (It is possible to use an HDD as an external M-series startup drive, but the performance will be so poor, even with a 7200 rpm hard drive, you’ll wish you hadn’t.) Erase and format as APFS Consult this Mac 911 column for more details on the two interfaces and their throughput. You need Thunderbolt 3 or 4 to gain a benefit from the newer NVMe/PCIe interface, which can be several times faster than a SATA SSD, and about two to three times as expensive. Most inexpensive external drives use a flavor of USB 3 to connect over USB-C and rely on the slower SATA format, which coupled with an SSD is about 10 times faster than a hard disk drive. Fortunately, macOS appears to have matured, and you can use either USB 3.1 or 3.2 or Thunderbolt 3 or 4. With the first versions of macOS that worked on early M-series models, many people found they had to use a native Thunderbolt 3 or 4 drive.
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